Vitor, and Deanishse. Thank you both for some really great answers. It is really good to find people who can write intelligently and helpfully, instead of the all too common "Sorry, I don't know how to do that". May you both go to heaven.
Deanishe. Thanks for explaining that Alfred can't do things like watching folders and performing actions. At least I am not going to spend days looking for an answer that doesn't exist. Also thanks for the guidance that I will need a script to do this. I have never used scripts, and don't know what they are. I will learn. I have Hazel which can perform loads of useful actions, like naming files, and which is able to use scripts, so that looks like it will be a perfect combination for my solution. So, now, I am off to learning scripting...
Vitor: Thanks also for your answers. Although the topic of my question wasn't specifically about duplicate files, but more specifically about an automatic way to delete ALL the files which have a particular reference number in the name, you nevertheless correctly assessed that I have a parallel problem, which is lots of duplicate files. I am going to try all the deletion programs you mentioned. I have in fact tried many in the past, and can't say that I have ever found one which meets my needs. I am coming across two specific problems with deletion programs:
1) Completely identical files in different folders but with slightly different names are not found to be identical, either because the name is different or the creation date is different.
2) Virtually identical files (such as two PDF bank advices for withdrawals), are found to be "identical", when they are not. Let's see. I will report back here on the file duplicate finders you proposed.