I did the ol' `reload` and indeed no longer see duplicates, but now all Application results show the path `/System/Volumes/Data/Applications/[App].app` instead of the former, simpler, and—as far as I know—truer `/Applications/[App].app`.
Any way to force Alfred to index (or display) only `/Applications/[App].app` and _not_ `/System/Volumes/Data/Applications/[App].app`?