Meanwhile, the note links were renamed.
So there are two methods:
1. Copy internal link | Copy web link
Use this link as suggested by @rob123 in Web Search → new custom search
2. Copy internal link | Copy app link
We can use this link in an Alfred workflow with in an Open URL box.
Use you can see, the URL is an internal link ("evernote:///").
Importantly, you also see the "Open With" box shows: Evernote.
This opens Evernote and selects this particular note.