You can create a custom Web Search in Alfred Preferences with
onepassword://search/{query}
as the Search URL (http://bit.ly/2XK09ON).
If your search string is unique enough, it'll open 1Password.app with the highlighted record. This works well, but even better would be a workflow that populates a filtered dropdown list of matching items. I'm not sure if this is available (if not, perhaps one can be hacked together using https://support.1password.com/command-line/ or another API?).