It looks like all the parameters are included in the URL, so if you are using the same settings every time, you could just create a custom web search with the URL set to
@iNyar When searching for files elsewhere on your Mac, are you seeing everything you need in Alfred?
I would suggest, to help work out whether the files in Dropbox can be found, creating a File Filter workflow to search your "Papers" folder specifically:
https://www.alfredapp.com/help/workflows/inputs/file-filter/
Set the search scope to that folder (and optionally, which file type(s) you want to see returned in the search) then use this and see what's returned.
Alfred should have the ability to exclude specific folders and filetypes from global and file-filter results, much like the file-filter include functionality, but in reverse.
Alfred uses Apple's search API, which is include-only. This works well most of the time, but as a result, the only way to exclude files/folders from Alfred's results is to use Spotlight's privacy settings to exclude them from OS X's index, which means they're unavailable in Spotlight and any other app that also relies on the search system (HoudahSpot etc.). In many cases, this is not a viable option.
There are many situations where Alfred's whitelist approach is a PITA or useless compared to a blacklist approach.
For example, I have a lot of source code, which I regularly search using Spotlight, but don't want showing up in Alfred. It would be pretty simple to fix that with a global blacklist, but it's literally impossible without.
Perhaps you want to include a directory in Alfred's global search, but exclude it from a specific file filter.
Perhaps you want to use a file filter to search all filetypes or subdirectories bar one or two. But without blacklisting, you're forced to explicitly include every folder/filetype but the ones you want to ignore. If that isn't enough work, you need to update your file filter every time you add a new folder or new type of file.
The problem is compounded by Alfred only displaying a limited number of results: you don't even get the chance to train it to associate a certain file with a keyword because the file never makes it into the list of search results.